Hindu Mythology is an integral part of the Hindu religion, one of the world’s oldest religions. It includes a vast array of gods, goddesses, heroes, and narratives that form the basis of Hindu philosophy and way of life.
Major Deities
- Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva: The Trimurti, representing creation, preservation, and destruction.
- Devi: The Goddess, manifested in forms like Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Parvati.
- Ganesha: The elephant-headed god of wisdom and new beginnings.
- Krishna and Rama: Avatars of Vishnu, central figures in the epics Mahabharata and Ramayana.
Key Texts and Epics
- Vedas and Upanishads: Ancient scriptures containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance.
- Mahabharata and Ramayana: Epic tales that include the Bhagavad Gita, a key spiritual text.
Philosophical Concepts
- Concepts like Dharma (duty/righteousness), Karma (action and its consequences), and Moksha (liberation from the cycle of rebirth) are central.
Buddhist Mythology
Introduction
Buddhist Mythology includes tales from the life of the Buddha, various bodhisattvas, and a rich tapestry of deities and celestial beings, particularly in Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions.
The Buddha
- Siddhartha Gautama: The historical Buddha, whose life story and enlightenment are foundational.
- Bodhisattvas: Beings who have attained enlightenment but remain in the world to help others.
Key Texts
- Jataka Tales: Stories of the Buddha’s previous lives, teaching moral and ethical lessons.
- Sutras: Discourses of the Buddha and his close disciples.
Jain Mythology
Introduction
Jain Mythology is part of Jainism, an ancient Indian religion focusing on self-discipline, non-violence (ahimsa), and the ascetic life.
Tirthankaras
- Mahavira: The 24th and last Tirthankara, a spiritual teacher who revitalized Jain teachings.
- Rishabhanatha: The first Tirthankara, often associated with asceticism and enlightenment.
Key Concepts and Texts
- Ahimsa: Non-violence, a central principle in Jainism.
- Agamas: Sacred texts that include the teachings of the Tirthankaras.
Cultural and Artistic Influence
- Indian mythology influences India’s festivals, art, music, dance, literature, and daily life practices.
- Stories and characters from these mythologies are depicted in temples, folk art, and classical arts across India.